The Alchemist Mood

Other than language, procedures to pass deliberately in the alchemis: Through solid word usage and symbolism, Paulo Coelho shows his motivation recorded as a hard copy the Alchemist and supplies a mood where the perusers are incited to learn and assess their own connections, dreams, feel expectation and desire. Since the novel has a quiet tone, Coelho utilizes transcription to add enthusiasm to the novel. At the point when a peruser can envision a circumstance, they can all the more effectively identify with it by associating recollections that they have to those Santiago is encountering in the novel.Coelho utilizes solid transcription by demonstrating a circumstance rather than simply telling it to the perusers. So as to do this he needs to utilize elucidating language. When the peruser can picture Santiago’s feelings, they are allowed to decipher the exercises educated into their own conditions. In Coelho’s tale, the setting has a ton to do with the feelings and exerc ises learned. Santiago accomplishes his own legend of finding who he is through the desert and acknowledgment of his conditions.The way that Coelho trains his exercises to Santiago and the perusers is by associating them to powers of nature. â€Å"Treasure is revealed by the power of streaming water, and it is covered by similar ebbs and flows. †(p. 24). The perusers are OK with the idea of nature and can associate the exercises by imagining something that they know about. Symbolism and imagery are exceptionally associated in the Alchemist. Coelho utilizes a desert to speak to the brain of Santiago.On his movements through the desert, he is given harmony and calm to consider his own life; to contemplate. As the perusers progress in his experience with him, they learn things about Santiago as he learns them. This is on the grounds that Coelho utilizes correspondence and symbolism to support the perusers and Santiago picture themselves in relatable circumstances and utilization s the procedures to make a quiet state of mind in his book, The Alchemist.

Healthcare Delivery Systems

Part 1 †Health Care Delivery Systems There are many intriguing and significant focuses in this section. Some of them include: Pennsylvania Hospital established by Ben Franklin was the first US emergency clinic University of PA was the US first clinical school The AMA was established in Philadelphia in 1847. The Flexner Report was distributed in 1910 and affected the status of clinical school instruction. Slope Burton Act of 1948 gave government monies to refresh medical clinics JCAH which is presently JCAHO was made in 1951. JCAHO is an autonomous accreditation office for medicinal services offices (all types).Medicare and Medicaid were authorized by Congress in 1965 Privacy Act of 1974 †ensure the protection of data frameworks in government human services offices HCFA (presently called CMS) was made in 1977 TEFRA in 1982 built up the principal Medicare planned installment framework EMTALA of 1985 ensured patients against â€Å"dumping† HIPAA was passed in 1996 with segments on normalization, simplication, security, and security SCHIP was set up in 1997 to give health care coverage to newborn children and kids not secured under Medicaid Notice the entirety of the shortened forms utilized in section 1!The utilization of truncations and abbreviations is extremely pervasive in the social insurance and HIM field. Significant Concepts in Chapter 1 Continuum of Care †essential consideration, optional consideration, and tertiary consideration. A large portion of us know about essential consideration, care looked for by a patient with clinical experts for current issue or upkeep of an issue. Auxiliary consideration is seeing an expert, dermatologist, nervous system specialist, and so on for an issue, frequently alluded by your essential consideration or family specialist. Tertiary consideration is frequently given in strength hospitals.This can incorporate claim to fame radiograph (PET output, MRI), consume treatment, disease treatment focuses, an d so forth. Human services office possession, there are three sorts of office proprietorship as a rule; government, for benefit, and not-for-benefit non government (Faith-based medical clinics for instance). Emergency clinics are sorted out with an administering body at the top, here and there alluded to as a leading group of trustees. Inside the emergency clinic and most bigger social insurance offices (recovery, centers) there will be a Health Information Management (HIM) or Medical Records Department.However, Medical Records is a more established term. Run of the mill elements of a HIM office incorporate, coding, graph reflection, record preparing, record stockpiling and recovery, clinical translation, arrival of data (ROI), disease vault, and list going along and recovering. The size of the HIM office staff will shift and is generally founded on the bed size of the office and additionally yearly visits handled (released, ED, Outpatient medical procedure and so forth ). One of th e most noticeable parts of a human services office and a HIM division is the coding function.Coding is additionally found in outpatient zone for doctor office and different kinds of non-medical clinic based social insurance. This depends mostly on the reality the coding is attached to repayment and subsidizing for the office/supplier. In the US there are two primary coding frameworks utilized; ICD-9-CM and HCPCS. HCPCS contains CPT codes which are regularly thought of as a different framework yet CPT is a piece of HCPCS. CPT codes are utilized to report doctor benefits paying little mind to the spot of administration (medical clinic, office, ED, center, and so forth. ).ICD-9-CM characterization contains analyze codes which are utilized by all suppliers for coding. ICD-9-CM volume 3 is just used to report inpatient or intense consideration emergency clinic methodology. Note: CPT doesn't have any findings codes in it. On the off chance that a doctor utilizes CPT to code/bill for strat egies, ICD-9-CM should likewise be utilized. A total picture must be caught with the strategy and the diagnosis(ies) of the patient for coding/charging to be right! Licensure and accreditation †your reading material makes a differentiation between these wo. Licensure is regularly administered by state and can be for an individual or an office. Licensure is frequently required for a medicinal services supplier or office to work in that particular state. Accreditation is for an office and is regularly deliberate. JCAHO is one accreditation body, others incorporate; AAAHC, AOA, CARF, NCQA, NCCHC. New Developments: When the execution of increasingly advanced innovation in the zone of human services and explicitly in the HIM area.Electronic wellbeing records (EHR) are being examined and utilized increasingly more in the US. With this sort of record social affair and capacity, techniques for validation have been refreshed for the advanced age. These incorporate electronic mark. Safet y efforts have additionally been refreshed which incorporate shrewd cards and biometrics. Your course book likewise remembers some fantastic sites for ideas for this section. You may likewise need to allude to this rundown when you are searching for diary articles to finish lab task 2-5 which will be expected one week from now.

Syzygy, basically.

Syzygy, basically. Several things happened last week of note. Monday was the first day back after Thanksgiving break. And somehow with three problem sets and a presentation in the same week, Id never been so behind on work. For Thanksgiving I had traveled to Maryland (where my mom now lives due to work) to spend the holiday with the family (Mom, Dad, Aunt, Uncle, Cousin in other words, all my relatives that are currently in this country). And considering Thanksgiving is usually just the three of us in a big empty house, the commotion was a welcome change and a nice bend toward normalcy for a family like mine. Unfortunately all this came at the cost of 2 full days of travel. Wednesday was 13 hours including traffic by bus, just me and my suitcase, standing in the cold and chaos of Penn Station, wondering just where I would stay the night in case all the busses ran out of room, Saturday night coming back was 10 hours by car, just me and my dad, 1 phantom of the opera soundtrack, 1 Beatles album, and a trunk loaded up with winter clothes and all manners of sustenance for the finals and final weeks ahead. Mostly junk food. Monday night, I learned a new word: syzygy or the alignment of three celestial bodies in orbit. I was deep in the discussions of Rune financial matters when I received an email from my boyfriend telling me to look up. The moon, jupiter, and venus in a right triangle. Over Kresge. I hope you got to see this, its a pretty incredible sight. It was bizarre like seeing two suns or something. I hear the next one isnt happening for another 20 or 30 years. We climbed up onto a tree. To see The coming together of things. Then Tuesday at 1pm I persuaded my Rhetoric class with facts and figures and a sleek black powerpoint presentation that the LHC isnt going to kill us all. So everybody should just relax. (The link is to my final transcript complete with cues for gestures and slide changes and all along w/ the accompanying presentation). And that would be the last assignment for Rhetoric this semester. Also, that night I attended a physics faculty dinner hosted by the Undergraduate Women in Physics this time with Professor Rajagopal who had lots of advice for the wandering undergrads including, apply to grad school, even if youre not sure youre going to go right away (oops), we ate at The Asgard Pub on Mass Ave. I had delicious salmon which I then heated up and ate for left overs the next night. Then Wednesday was a big day because after all the waiting, all the head scratching, all of the components for our new CCD testbed has finally arrived and the electronics were hooked up and configured and the new linux computer polished up and ready for action. Its hard to describe the kind of relief this brings me. Not only from being relieved of having to work on a 10+ year old sun machine running what appears to be the first version of linux ever, but even being able to do any work at all. Also, we have a totally sweet new 3-axis mount for our star plate for simulating spacecraft jitter. For real. And it came together, finally. So Wednesday I went to check out our new lab bling, and ran some basic functionality tests on the lens/CCD/computer communications, that is to say, I took emo picture of myself through a hole in a piece of aluminum foil covering the lens which made for actually a pretty good pin hole camera. This CCD is much bigger than the old one. You actually are seeing the inside edges of the lens here. So much fun. With Friday came final projects showcases in dance class. Ill post videos (maybe) when they come out depending on how they came out. I dont think they came out all that well. The space was too small for taping. But well see. Anyhow, it went very well, I think. And in the approaching syzygy of classes, that class is now over, too. Confirmed: 2 down. 2 to go.

Inhibition Of Direct Light Affects Elodea s Co2...

Name: Diana Monyancha Date: 10/02/15 BIOL 1441-014 Lab Instructor: Audra Andrew Lab Partners: Sydney Censullo Monica Mendoza Saul Longoria Inhibition of Direct Light affects Elodea’s CO2 production during Photosynthesis. Abstract Plants rely upon photosynthesis to acquire their energy and make food. To determine exactly how important light energy is in the process of photosynthesis, we decided to conduct an experiment in which an Elodea plant was exposed to different light intensities. One Elodea plant was placed inside CO2 saturated water and under full light exposure while the other was covered with mesh clothing. The solutions to this plants were then neutralized and compared to a control group beaker which had no Elodea to see the†¦show more content†¦2014). Various researchers have conducted numerous experiments to examine if altering light energy will have an effect on photosynthesis. One particular research found that under high intensities of light, a specific plant, R. Nathalie had greater amounts of CO2 uptake (Rakic et al. 2014). Another found that a sugarcane plant increased its productivity with higher rates of CO2; it was able to photosynthesize more by 30% (De Souza et al. 2008) To det ermine the effect of light on CO2 production for photosynthesis, the amount of light an Elodea plant received was inhibited with a mesh cloth while a second beaker of the same Elodea plant was exposed to the full light intensity. The purpose of this experiment was to then compare and determine if CO2 production would be decreased if direct light was inhibited. Methods Equal amounts of water saturated with CO2 were divided into three separate beakers each 50ml. Elodea plants were then added into these two beakers, each plant weighed 1.5g. A separate beaker, which was the control group contained none; it also did not receive any light. Both beakers with Elodea were exposed to a light source 30cm away. One beaker was covered with a mesh cloth to reduce that amount of light that its Elodea plant received. The plants were then left in their respective beakers for an hour. After this time period, three drops of

Poetry is a form of Freedom and Expression - 721 Words

For some individuals, poetry is a form of freedom and expression. It is one of the many creative ways to release feelings of anger and happiness from the human mind. The intensity of every rhythm, word, and style of each poem allow readers to uncover deeper significance to the context. The rich variety of mixing a combination of human imagination and reality to tell a story with deeper meaning is remarkable. This concept of combining poems and human imagination together emerged from one important historic figure, Edgar Allan Poe. Living an impoverished background, Poe inscribed stories of horror and mystery into collections of poems and short stories. He expresses his thoughts on paper with great thrill and excitement. Known for his wild imagination that included suspenseful dark tales, he poses as a literary figure and inspired many across the world. Although Poes writings changed the world of literature, his personal life was a struggle. Born on January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts, Poe was the son of traveling actors. However, at the age of three, Poes biological mother died and his father left the family. Despite this misfortune, tobacco merchants, John and Frances Allan raised Poe in Richmond, Virginia. From here, his love for writing blossomed and thrived. Even though his foster father trained Poe to be a successful tobacco merchant, Poe showed no interest in the tobacco business. In fact, Poe wrote some of his early poems on the back of papers that wereShow MoreRelatedConfessional Poetry Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesConfessional poetry is a style that emerged in the late 1950’s. Poetry of this type tends to be very personal and emotional. Many confessional poets dealt with subject matter that had previously been taboo. Death, trauma, mental illness, sexuality, and numerous other topics flowed through the works of the poetry from this movement. 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Laughter Is the Best Medicine Free Essays

NAME: ASHVIN JAYABALAN I. C. NUMBER: 970202-13-5163 AGE: 15 YEARS OLD ADDRESS: BLOCK 47, 0316, TAMAN UNGKU TUN AMINAH, 81300, SKUDAI, JOHOR BAHRU TELEPHONE NUMBER: 0168099798/0168508226 E-MAIL ADDRESS: ASHVINPAULANTHONY@YAHOO. We will write a custom essay sample on Laughter Is the Best Medicine or any similar topic only for you Order Now COM NAME OF SCHOOL: SMK TAMAN TUN AMINAH BE CAREFUL WHAT YOU WISH FOR â€Å"Be Careful What You Wish For†. This is the phrases or topic that I am going to write an essay about it. First but not least I am going to explain the definition of the word wish. Wish means a feeling or to express a strong desire or hope for something that probably will not happen to us. We must not think that all of our dreams or wish will come true if there is nothing we do and rely on other people. On the contrary, we must also beware of what we wish for because sometimes it will come true and some we doesn’t want it. For example, we wish to become a popular and well-known person. Once we become famous, we will feel that something is missing which is love and happiness from your family or your loved ones that is far away from your place. From there we realized that what we wish is actually nothing and just to get close to the fans. So, we will regret and go back where we belong Everyone has their own wish and dream. Some of them wish that they could win over a jackpot million of ringgits or gambling in a casino. However, does this wish mean a lot for you or just to have fun. Actually my wish is to become a millionaire. Yes, although my dream is too big but I will help people in need such as old peoples, orphans and many more. I will help them by building a house for them to stay and as a shelter. This will makes them more comfortable to stay. I will also build a small school for urban poverty, child abandonment and abused child. They will have good education when they grows up and contribute to the country. Besides, I will distribute foods and drinks to the homeless in the street of Johor. This is because I’ve been blessed so I want to bless others. It can be as simple as giving a bag of rice or tinned food to someone out there who hungry. Every time I give I am answering another person’s prayer. As one says a great nation is not measured by the numbers of millionaires and billionaires, but the absence of the poor. There is a story that I want to tell about this topic. It is about a boy named Dexter. He lives with his parents in a small village at Perak. He is good in writing English essays. So, he went to America to continue his studies in essay writing. Then, he came back to his hometown in Perak and he wishes that he could become a great novelist. His wish came true and he was as happy as larks that he could become a popular novelist. Since then he had written many good novels especially one of his books entitled THE BEST FRIEND I’VE EVER HAD. This novel has received an award from the World Books Awards in London. Because of his novel, he had many fans and people whole around Asia. Now, he had become famous and he forgets about his family and also his loved ones. One day, he met with an accident on his way back home from work. He was rushed to the nearest hospital by the help of the people on the scene. Once his family heard the news, they rushed to the hospital. They felt relieved that Dexter had only minor bruises on his body and had a broken leg. Once Dexter awake, he was shock to see his family visit him. He regret that he had forget about his family and promises that he would go back to his happy and harmony family again. There is also a song that related to this topic entitled HOME by Chris Daughtry. This song says that we must be careful of what we wish for because some of our wish can come true and some we doesn’t want. He says again that he is not running from his family but he thinks that the places and faces are getting old. Besides, he thinks that love given by his fans is totally different with families love. In conclusion, we must know that every wish we ask for will have serious consequences later. So, we must think wisely before making any decisions because it’s no use to crying over a split milk. (733 words) How to cite Laughter Is the Best Medicine, Papers Laughter Is the Best Medicine Free Essays string(93) " can help free up your powers of concentration so that you can remember less routine things\." [-0][-1] Sign Up[-2] or Log In[-3] or Log In via Follow us on Pinterest[-4] HomeHYPERLINK â€Å"/Special:Categorylisting†ArticlesHYPERLINK â€Å"/Special:CommunityDashboard†CommunityHYPERLINK â€Å"/Special:Userlogin†My Profile[-5] Top of Form 1 Bottom of Form 1 Edit[-6]  ·Home[-7]  ·Ã‚ » Categories[-8]  ·Ã‚ » Education and Communications[-9]  ·Ã‚ » Learning Techniques and Student Skills[-10]  ·Ã‚ » Memorization Skills[-11] How to Improve Your Memory[-12] Edited by Ben Rubenstein, Theresa Mulligan, Tom Viren, Mike and 138 others 90[-13] ArticleHYPERLINK â€Å"/index. hp? title=Improve-Your-Memoryaction=edit† EditHYPERLINK â€Å"/Discussion:Improve-Your-Memory†Discuss[-14] Wouldn’t it be nice to just look at a page and never forget what was on there? What if you could never again forget a friend’s birthday? The bad news is, not everyone has a photographic memory, otherwise known as eidetic memory. Most of us rely on mnemonic d evices. We will write a custom essay sample on Laughter Is the Best Medicine or any similar topic only for you Order Now The good news, however, is that everyone can take steps to improve their memory, and with time and practice most people can gain the ability to memorize seemingly impossible amounts of information. Whether you want to win the World Memory Championships, ace your history test, or simply remember where you put your keys, this article can get you started. Edit[-15] Steps Memory Tricks [-16][-17] Memory Tricks[-18] Improving Your Memory 1Convince yourself that you do have a good memory that will improve. Too many people get stuck here and convince themselves their memory is bad, that they are just not good with names, that numbers just slip out of their minds for some reason. Erase those thoughts and vow to improve your memory. Celebrate even little achievements to keep yourself motivated. Ads by Google[-19] 3-Minute Chakra Test[-20] Take the Free Chakra Test Find Out Which Chakras Are Blocked†¦ www. ChakraHealing. com[-21] 2Memory is best practiced through association. [1] The reason that most of us can’t remember our friend’s phone number is because 535-3473 is just a string of numbers that have no obvious connection to your friend. In order to use your memory efficiently, the best way is to actively create an association for things you’re trying to remember. For example, write out your friend’s phone number: five three five three four seven three. Now try to create a clever phrase that starts with the first letter of those words: fairy tales feel true for some time. You’re now much more likely to remember that phone number.  ·Alternatively, you could create a story that involves 5 characters buying 3 things and doing 5 more things with them†¦ Use your imagination. The point is that you want to connect the phone number to something else. Throwing your best friend as a character in the story would be a good idea too. 3Association also works if you created vivid, memorable images. You remember information more easily if you can visualize it. If you want to associate a child with a book, try not to visualize the child reading the book — that’s too simple and forgettable. Instead, come up with something more jarring, something that sticks, like the book chasing the child, or the child eating the book. It’s your mind -– make the images as shocking and emotional as possible to keep the associations strong. [-22][-23] 4Group information together to help you remember them; this is called chunking. Random lists of things (a shopping list, for example) can be especially difficult to remember. To make it easier, try categorizing the individual things from the list. If you can remember that, among other things, you wanted to buy four different kinds of vegetables, you’ll find it easier to remember all four.  ·Another example: you probably won’t remember 17761812184818651898, but try putting a space after every fourth number. Now you can see that those numbers are years, and you can pick key events from each year to help you remember the string of numbers (e. g. , Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican-American War, Civil War, Spanish-American War). Repeat information you’re trying to memorize to yourself every few days or so. This is called spaced repetition learning. We are more likely to remember more recent things and things that we’ve experienced with greater frequency[2], so repeating associations and mnemonics to yourself is a good idea. Start practicing every day, and you can gradually decrease the frequency until you remember it natura lly.  ·Flash cards are especially useful for studying. It’s essentially a card with a question on one side and the answer on the other. (You can also put two things you want to associate on opposite sides of a flashcard. In the course of learning a topic, you would have a stack of cards and would go through them testing yourself. Those that you got right you would put to one side and review a few days later. The more difficult ones might take several days to fix in the brain. However, how do you determine the ideal time to review the cards that you have temporarily remembered? Leave it too long and, like all memories, it may have faded and we forget the answer. If we review it too soon then we waste time looking at it. We need some system to know exactly when to review each card. This is where â€Å"Spaced Repetition Software† comes in. This software automatically works out the most efficient time to test you on each card for optimum memory retention. There are a number of free bits of software out there for you to use.  ·Cramming only works to put information in your short-term memory. You may remember the information for your exam the next day, but you will barely recall the unit when it’s time to take the final. Spacing out your studying is important because it gives your brain time to encode the information and store it in your long-term memory. 6Organize your life. -24] Keep items that you frequently need, such as keys and eyeglasses, in the same place every time. Use an electronic organizer or daily planner to keep track of appointments, due dates for bills, and other tasks. Keep phone numbers and addresses in an address book or enter them into your computer or cell phone. Improved organization can help free up your powers of concentrati on so that you can remember less routine things. You read "Laughter Is the Best Medicine" in category "Essay examples" Even if being organized doesn’t improve your memory, you’ll receive a lot of the same benefits (i. e. you won’t have to search for your keys anymore). When it’s time to study or remember something new, switch your breathing pattern to be slower and deeper. Deeper and slower breathing actually changes the way your brain works, by inducing the brain’s electrical pulses to switch to Theta waves. Theta waves normally occur in your brain in hypnogogic sleep. This is the stage of sleep when outside noises like an alarm clock can influence dreaming. It turns out being in this stage also can aid memory. A good example is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, when information you’ve been trying to think of all day suddenly comes back to you after napping or waking up from sleep. To activate your Theta waves, switch your breathing to your lower abdomen – in other words, start breathing deeply from your stomach. Consciously slow your rate of breathing too. After a few moments, you should feel calmer, the Theta waves should be flowing in your brain, and you should be more receptive to remembering new information. 8If the above advice does not work you may consider using nootropic supplements. Nootropics are generally well-tolerated and can help aid in improving overall memory. Racetam supplements like Piracetam are very popular for improving memory but there are also strong herbal nootropics like Bacopa and Huperzine A. General Advice 1Exercise your brain. Regularly â€Å"exercising† the brain keeps it growing and spurs the development of new nerve connections that can help improve memory. By developing new mental skills — especially complex ones such as learning a new language or learning to play a new musical instrument — and challenging your brain with puzzles and games, you can keep your brain active and improve its physiological functioning. Try some fun puzzle exercises everyday such as crosswords, Sudoku, and other games which are easy enough to for anyone. [-;25][-;26] 2Exercise daily. [-;27] Regular aerobic exercise improves circulation and efficiency throughout the body — including the brain — and can help ward off the memory loss that comes with aging. Exercise also makes you more alert and relaxed, and can thereby improve your memory uptake, allowing you to take better mental â€Å"pictures†. 3Reduce stress[-28]. Chronic stress does in fact physically damage the brain, it can make remembering much more difficult. After prolonged stress, the brain will start to become affected and deteriorate.  ·Stressful situations are recognized by the hypothalamus, which in turn signals the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland then secretes adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) which influences the adrenal glands to secrete adrenaline and later, cortisol (corticosteroids). The corticosteroids can weaken the blood-brain barrier and damage the hippocampus (the memory center). Ironically, the hippocampus controls the secretion of the hormone released by the hypothalamus through a process of negative feedback. After chronic stress, it will begin to deteriorate and will not be as efficient in regulating the degenerative corticosteroids, impairing memory. Neurogenesis (formation of new neurons) indeed exists in the hippocampus, but stress inhibits it.  ·Realistically speaking, stress may never be completely eliminated from one’s life, but it definitely can be controlled. Even temporary stresses can make it more difficult to effectively focus on concepts and observe things. Try to relax[-29], regularly practice yoga or other stretching exercises, and see a doctor if you have severe chronic stress as soon as possible. Eat well and eat right[-30]. There are a lot of herbal supplements on the market that claim to improve memory, but none have yet been shown to be effective in clinical tests (although small studies have shown some promising results for ginkgo biloba and phosphatidylserine). A healthy diet, however, contributes to a healthy brain, and foods containing antioxidants   broccoli, blueberries, spinach, and berries, for example — and Omega-3 fatty acids appear to promote healthy brain functioning. [-31][-32]  ·Feed your brain with such supplements as Thiamine, Niacin and Vitamin B-6. Grazing, or eating 5 or 6 small meals throughout the day instead of 3 large meals, also seems to improve mental functioning (including memory) by limiting dips in blood sugar, which may negatively affect the brain. Make sure it’s healthy stuff. 5Take better pictures. Often we forget things not because our memory is bad, but rather because our observational skills need work. One common situation where this occurs (and which almost everyone can relate to) is meeting new people. Often we don’t really learn people’s names at first because we aren’t really concentrating on remembering them. You’ll find that if you make a conscious effort to remember such things, you’ll do much better.  ·One way to train yourself to be more observant is to look at an unfamiliar photograph for a few seconds and then turn the photograph over and describe or write down as many details as you can about the photograph. Try closing your eyes and picturing the photo in your mind. Use a new photograph each time you try this exercise, and with regular practice you will find you’re able to remember more details with even shorter glimpses of the photos. Give yourself time to form a memory. Memories are very fragile in the short-term, and distractions can make you quickly forget something as simple as a phone number. The key to avoid losing memories before you can even form them is to be able to focus on the thing to be remembered for a while without thinking about other things, so when you’re trying to remember something, avoid distractions and complicated tasks for a few minutes. 7Sleep well[-;33]. The amount of sleep we get affects the brain’s ability to recall recently learned information. Getting a good night’s sleep — a minimum of seven hours a night — may improve your short-term memory and long-term relational memory, according to recent studies conducted at the Harvard Medical School. 8Build your memorization arsenal. Memory pegs, memory palaces, and the Dominic System are just some techniques which form the foundation for mnemonic techniques, and which can visibly improve your memory. Memory pegs involve visualization methods in which you make use of various familiar landmarks, associating the to be learnt information to these various popular landmarks. This helps to trigger and enhance the memory process. 9Use Online Resources. Visit and participate in collaborative mnemonic websites[-;34] to remember words and concepts. 10Venture out and learn from your mistakes. Go ahead and take a stab at memorizing the first one hundred digits of pi, or, if you’ve done that already, the first one thousand. Edit[-35] Video |This video contains a variety of tips for memory enhancement. | Edit[-36] Tips  ·Memorize your favorite song or poem until you can say it to yourself without any help. Try to do this often. Most people’s brains are not very good at remembering abstract information, such as numbers. This is one of the things that separate those with eidetic memory from those with a great, normal memory. The key to being able to recall such things is to build associations and links that evoke the memory. This is why almost anybody with normal brain functioning can dramatically improve their ability to recall things using mnemoni cs. While building a memory palace, for example, actually requires that you â€Å"remember† more, by associating the thing to be remembered with other things (emotions, other memories, images, etc. you build more mental â€Å"links† to the memory, thus making it easier to access.  ·Visualize whatever you have to do as part of something you see every day. For example, if you have to give your dog some medicine, visualize your dog in your fridge every time you walk past it or look inside. This will keep your dog fresh in your mind.  ·There are also games that have been created to help you improve your memory. Playing some of these will help.  ·Take a tray of objects (say, 10 objects). Study them for 30 seconds. Take the tray away and write down all the objects you can. Increase the number of items to exercise the mind even more. Or, get someone else to find the objects on the tray; this makes them harder to remember and will test you more.  ·Leave yourself a telephone message reminding yourself of important â€Å"to do† tasks.  ·Try memorizing the order of a deck of playing cards. Although this may seem like a pointless task, it will allow you to discover memorization techniques that work best for you.  ·Put black ink at the end of your palm to remember any important thing for the next day or for that day itself. Whenever you see the black dot, you’ll remember what to do. Write in a diary or journal every day without fail. Even small issues should be written down — this is a good way to make sure you don’t miss anything.  ·A large number of memory improvement products are available (a search on the internet will produce hundreds of such products). Most of these products actually teach you mnemonic strategies, and while some are no doubt bunk, some are legitimate.  ·One easy method to help you remember people’s names is to look at the person when you are introduced and say the person’s name: â€Å"Nice to meet you, Bill. Another way to remember someone’s name is to visualize that person holding hands with another person you know well with that name. It’s weird but it works.  ·Write the event or task down immediately. If you don’t have a pen, one thing you can do is change the time on your watch; later on you will remember why it is set at the wrong time. You could also wear your watch upside down.  ·When studying, take a break every so often, and do something dynamic, run up and down the stairs a couple of times, go back to your work in ten minutes  ·Talk with somone about what you are trying to remember. Its easier to remember the more you repeat it. If you’re poetically inclined, try turning some things you need to know into a song or poem . Ads by Google[-37] Spelling Games[-38] Tons of Word, Math, Logic Games to Sharpen Your Brain. Free Download! www. APlusGamer. com[-39] Brain Exercises[-40] Improve Memory and Attention with Brain Games by Scientists www. lumosity. com[-41] Carpet Cleaning. [-42] Best Price. Quality Service. Pro Carpet Cleaning. 082-241502 jjcleaningswk. com/Best+Service[-43] Edit[-44] Warnings  ·Solve any personal or some concerns that bother your mind. Good memory means peaceful mind. While some herbal supplements that claim to improve memory may in fact work, there is no conclusive evidence that any of these are effective. Most are harmless, however, and may be worth a try, but exercise caution: some supplements can have harmful effects, and not all contain what they say they contain.  ·Exercise due diligence when purchasing a memory improvement product. Find out as much as you can about how the program works, and do your own research to determine if it will work for you. Some of these produ cts are simply scams. Be especially wary of products that promise to improve your memory instantly or with little or no ffort: effective strategies to improve recall take time and practice.  ·If you notice a severe or sudden deterioration of memory, talk to your doctor immediately. Sometimes these can be precursors to Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. Edit[-45] Related wikiHows  ·How to Memorize Lists Using the Pure Link System[-46] How to Memorize a List in Order How to Memorize a Grocery List How to Add 5 Consecutive Numbers Quickly How to Express Yourself How to Improve Emotional Intelligence How to Improve Mind Power How to Focus on Healthy Eating to Improve Exam Performance Edit[-47] Sources and Citations MedlinePlus (National Library of Medicine)[-48] Links to all sorts of scientific information on memory Wikipedia Article on mnemonics, with tons of examples NASA Tutorial on memory (with some fun exercises) Slate. com A review of some memory-enhancement products BBC Radio 4’s ‘the memory experience’ How to get smarter, one breath at a time Time Magazine article reporting on the impact of meditation on the brain. [1]  ·[www. nutsaboutmemory. blogspot. com Nuts About Memory] The latest tips, techniques, and strategies on memory improvement. ^ http://www. thememorypage. net/htiym. htm ^ http://www. thememorypage. et/htiym2. htm  ·[2] references to nootropics and their effects on memory Article Info Featured Article Categories: Featured Articles[-49] | Energy Longevity[-50] | Memorization Skills[-51] Recent edits by: Club_penguin7, Frostmaker84, Flower122 In other languages Espanol: Como mejorar tu memoria[-52], Portugues: Como Melhorar Sua Memoria[-53], Deutsch: Wie man sein Gedachtnis verbessern kann[-54], Francais: Comment ameliorer sa memoire[-55] Share this Article:  ·Discuss[-56] Print Email Edit Send fan mail to authors Ads by Google[-57] Soccer School in Madrid[-58] Soccer Boarding School Internationa Fooball Academy in Madrid, Spain www. intersoccermadrid. com[-;59] Subconscious Mind Power[-;60] Program your subconscious mind to create what you want, simple steps 7steps2success. net[-;61] Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 1,799,322 times. 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sa=Lai=Cy395qsswUZuiLILCigeEyoDo How to cite Laughter Is the Best Medicine, Essay examples

Tourist Destinations in the Mediterranean Region

Introduction The economic development of the Mediterranean region is strongly dependent on the inflow of tourist. In various countries such as Italy, Egypt, Spain, Turkey, or Greece, many people are employed in organizations that are directly or indirectly dependent on the flow on the degree to which a certain destination is attractive to travelers.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Tourist Destinations in the Mediterranean Region specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At present, governmental organizations and private companies attempt to find ways of attracting people from foreign countries. In turn, this study will be aimed at examining the way in which tourist destinations in the Mediterranean region can be economically affected by the power of travel agencies. This question has practical applications. In particular, by understanding the role of travel agencies, the managers of other hospitality institutions can b etter attract clients. Rationale There are several rationales for conducting this study. First of all, the power of travel agencies has not been fully examined. For example, researchers focus on the ways in which the popularity of a certain tourist destination can be increased. Numerous studies have been aimed at examining the factors that affect the development of tourist industry (Izquierdo-Yusta MartÄ ±nez-Ruiz, 2011, p. 77). Much attention is usually paid to infrastructure, the presence of natural or cultural websites, the development of tourist industry and other factors. However, the role of travel agencies has not been fully examined. For instance, there are studies which show why a certain place can attract the attention of travel agencies. Nevertheless, there are no data which can show how these organizations can shape the development of a tourist destination. Therefore, there is some knowledge that should be bridged. Additionally, this issue has significant practical imp lications. At present, many policy-makers and managers of hospitality institutions attempt to increase international awareness about different tourist site. Definition and terms First of all, one should provide the definition of a travel agency because in this way, one can gain a better understanding of the functions that such an organization performs.Advertising Looking for proposal on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overall, travel agency can be described as a service company that act as an intermediary between tourists and other hospitality institutions such as hotels, airlines, restaurants, or cruise liners. Additionally, these organizations provide information to clients about a particular tourist detonation. It is also important to mention such a term of destination branding. This notion can be understood as the development and communication of the value that a certain tourist destination can bring to a client. Additionally, this process involves the positioning of a certain country, region or resort in the tourist market (Del Chiappa Bregoli, 2012, p. 52). For instance, some tourist sites are oriented toward middle-income people while others are more suitable for prosperous clients. In turn, travel agencies also take part in the process of destination branding. Literature review The main goal of this literature review is to examine academic sources which throw light on the functioning of travel agencies. It is vital to focus on the studies which can demonstrate that these organizations can influence the economic performance of tourist destinations. Apart from that, this literature review should demonstrate the importance of these service companies for the Mediterranean region. Finally, much attention should be paid to the methodology that can be used for the future study. Therefore, it is critical to examine the research articles that can show how dependent and independent variables can be examined and measured. To a great extent, the research will be based on the notion of destination branding (Jalilvand, Esfahani Samiei, 2010, p. 235-236). As it has been said in the previous section, this notion can be described as the communication of value that a tourist site can bring to customers (Gil-Saura, Molina Berenguer-Contri, 2012, p. 315). To some degree, travel agencies take part in the formation of clients’ perceptions and attitudes toward a certain tourist site. In many cases, buyers pay attention to the reputation of a travel agency (Ferencovà ¡, 2012, p. 309). Therefore, they can significantly increase the popularity of a destination. In turn, it is possible to say that their involvement can affect economic performance of various countries. In particular, one can speak about such indicators as book reservations in hotels, employment, investment, the profitability of airlines, and other economic indicators. These are the main issues that sh ould be examined more closely.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Tourist Destinations in the Mediterranean Region specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the whole, travel agencies pay attention to various characteristics while selecting which tourist destination should be promoted. In particular, they focus on the presence of natural or cultural sites, climate, service industry in a particular region, infrastructure, and security (PrebeÃ… ¾ac Mikulić, 2008, p. 170; Blà ¡zquez, Molina, Esteban, 2012, p. 167). In other words, they are particular interested in those locations that can offer various opportunities to clients. This is one of the main issues that can be identified. Apart from that, the governments of developing countries are extremely concerned about the attitudes of travel agencies since they can influence the decisions of customers (Mariutti, de Moura Engracia Giraldi Crescitelli, 2013, p. 17). In this way, they attempt to boost the economic development of various regions. One should take into consideration that travel agencies help clients learn more about various characteristics of a tourist destination. This is one of the main points that can be made. The study carried out by Iris Mihajlović (2012, p. 153) suggests that travel agencies can profoundly affect the choices of consumers by highlighting the advantages of going to a particular country, region, or resort. Secondly, they can provide an evaluation of the service industry in a certain destination as well as its most popular attractions. In other words, these organizations can be viewed as the major intermediaries between a customer and service providers. Furthermore, customers are more likely to put trust in the recommendations or assessments offered by travel agencies. This is why the role of these companies should not be overlooked. This issue is particular important for entrepreneurs and policy-makers. Mor eover, one can look at the research conducted by Dimitrios Buhalist (2000). This scholar shows that the performance of many hospitality organizations is affected by the distribution channels, especially travel agencies (Buhalist, 2000, p. 114). This study suggests that the hospitality organizations, which are based on the Mediterranean region, have to accept the power of travel agencies. It should be kept in mind that they can reduce the perceived risk that can be experienced by clients (Buhalist, 2000, p. 115). Moreover, they can facilitate the communication between customers and eventual suppliers of service (Buhalist, 2000, p. 115). Provided that this link is absent, a client is not likely to go to a tourist destination.Advertising Looking for proposal on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from that, travel agencies offer many supplementary services related to insurance or obtaining visas. This assistance is of critical importance to many people. Overall, findings of researchers indicate that the competitive position of a hotel depends on its cooperation with tour operators (Buhalist, 2000, p. 136). The role of travel agencies becomes more important at the time when information technology becomes more and more developed. In particular, many consumers rely on Internet when they search for information about various resorts, tourist sites, or airlines (Mihajlović, 2012, pp. 153-156). Very often, they use the website of travel agencies. This example indicates that travel agencies are critical for attracting clients. Overall, there are other studies that are aimed at determining the choices of customers who want to travel to the Mediterranean resorts. For instance, Izquierdo-Yusta and MartÄ ±nez-Ruiz (2011, p. 78) note that travel agencies facilitate customersâ €™ search for information. They help customers and suppliers to establish mutual trust (Izquierdo-Yusta MartÄ ±nez-Ruiz, 2011, p. 80). In turn, tourist destinations are not likely to enjoy popularity among people provided that travel agents do not pay attention to them. Furthermore, these organizations can demonstrate that a certain resort is suitable for various types of clients who can differ in terms of income level, marital status, interest, values, and so forth. This is one of the main issues that should be singled out. Therefore, it is possible to say that travel agencies can significantly increase the profitability of airlines or hotels that can be based in a particular tourist destination. As it has been noted before, these organizations interact with various types of companies that are located in a particular tourist destination. These organizations can bring several economic benefits to a particular region or country. First of all, they can increase international awa reness about a certain tourist destination. In turn, it will lead to the greater inflow of travelers, growing number of room reservation, increasing investment into infrastructure, and creation of jobs. Furthermore, the increasing inflow of tourists can stimulate the demand for food, beverages, and many other products that travelers can purchase. Thus, these organizations can strengthen various industries. In contrast, the absence of their participation can eventually result in the downturn of economic activities in this particular destination. There are several negative challenges that can be compared. First of all, one should speak about decreasing awareness about a certain country place or region. Moreover, one can speak about the declining passenger turnover in a country and diminishing demand for various products and services. This argument is particularly relevant to different companies like airlines, restaurants, supermarkets and many others. Thus, this process can affect bus inesses that represent different industries. Therefore, a country in which tourism plays an important part can be adversely influenced by travel agencies. This is the main argument that can be put forward. There are various studies which highlight the importance of travel agencies. For example, the study carried out by Martina Ferencovà ¡ (2012) indicate that in various European countries, at least 20 percent of the population rely on travel agencies while selecting a place for holidays (Ferencovà ¡, 2012, p. 311). This situation can be observed in other European countries. This is why the role of travel agencies should not be overlooked. Additionally, there are several examples suggesting that the development of tourism in a country is directly dependent on the degree to which tour operators are aware about a tourist destination. For instance, there are many natural and cultural sites in the Balkans; however, these sites do not attract a great number of tourist foreign tour opera tors and travel agents are not familiar about them (Mulec Wise, 2012, pp. 182-183). This is one of the main problems that policy-makers in this country attempt to overcome. Thus, one can say that some policy-makers and researchers accept the idea that travel agencies can shape the economic performance of a tourist destination. It should be taken into account that various Mediterranean countries compete with one another in effort to increase their market share (Patsouratis, Frangouli Anastasopoulos, 2005, p. 1865). One should not suppose that the performance of tourist destination is affected only by travel agencies. Researchers argue the exchange rate can be a powerful factor that shapes the purchasing decisions of clients (Patsouratis et al. 2005, p. 1865). Furthermore, the competiveness of the tourist industry depends on its ability of various companies to make use of information technology (Burgess et al., 2011, p. 221). Additionally, one should not forget about the environment al policies of the government (Selwyn, 2008, p. 93). These factors also play an important role. These are the main limitations that can be identified. They indicate that the development of tourist industry can be viewed as a combination of various external and internal factors that are related to political system, economic stability, or cultural heritage. Therefore, it is not reasonable to disregard opposing views according to which travel agencies play only the role of facilitators. This is one of the main limitations that should be considered. Overall, this problem can be examined in both qualitative and quantitative way. First of all, it is critical to study the way in which travel agencies can present information about various tourist sites in the Mediterranean region. Overall, one should concentrate on the efforts of these organizations to promote a particular city, country or region as place that can attract travelers. This will be the independent variable of research. In turn , there are specific characteristics which can be used to evaluate the competitiveness of a particular destination. It is necessary to focus on tourism participation index, the number of tourists, the financial performance of airlines, or hotels (Navickas Malakauskait ,2009, p. 41). In turn, the practices of travel agencies and other companies can be examined with the help of qualitative research methods, such as a semi-structured interview (Milman, 2001, p. 66). This strategy can help a researcher examine the opinions of respondents and understand various nuances of their practices. These are the main dependent variables that should be examined. To a great extent, this literature review suggests that travel agencies have the capacity to influence tourist destinations. Nevertheless, it is critical to focus on the particular region and the role that travel agencies play in it. Furthermore, it is gather valid empirical evidence that can substantiate the hypothesis postulated in this study. These are the main tasks that should be addressed. Research methodology Theoretical Framework This study will be based on the model of value chain which is widely used in different economic and marketing studies. According to this concept, different agents work on the development of products and services, and in this way, they increase the perceived value of goods for clients. Similar principles can be applied to tourist destinations. As it has been shown in the literature review, travel agencies can increase or diminish the perceived value of a tourist site for clients. Provided that they do not act as a part of value chain, the attractiveness of a country, region, or city can decline. Research design This study will include a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. First of all, in the course of this project, I will interview a wide range of professionals who are related to the tourist industry. This step is necessary to analyze the activities of trave l agencies and their interactions with other businesses. Furthermore, the research will involve the examination of statistical information that can throw light on the economic performance of different tourist destinations. Method The qualitative information will be collected with the help of semi-structured interviews. This technique will be used to derive the responses of various professionals related to tourism industry. This method is beneficial because it enables a researcher to elicit clear and detailed answers. These answers are crucial for understanding the strategies of travel agencies and their interactions with other companies. Additionally, it is critical to analyze statistical data related to the economic performance of tourist destination in the Mediterranean region. Population and Sampling In the course of this study, I will interview hotel managers, educators, and experts who can explain the functioning of travel agencies. The sample of this study will be from 50 to 1 00 respondents. The size of this sample is sufficient enough for understanding the trends in the tourism industry. I will rely on non-random sampling, and this approach implies that the participants should be selected according to certain criteria. In this case, the main criterion will be the expertise of respondent and his/her work experience. This approach is suitable when it is necessary to understand the trends emerging in a certain industry (Black, 2009, p. 222). Data Collection Instruments In this study, I will develop a questionnaire that will be used during the interviews. It will contain open-ended questions that will prompt the participants to discuss the practices of travel agencies and their impact on tourist destinations in the Mediterranean region. Role of the Researcher I will attempt to act as a facilitator who will try to clarify the responses of the participants. It is necessary to make sure that the interviewees can calmly elaborate their views on the economic pow er of travel agencies. Data analysis technique While analyzing the qualitative data, I will have to identify the main themes that are of great concern to scholars. The first step is to codify the data and single out the main topics examined during the interviews. Furthermore, it will be critical to identify the main arguments of these professionals. Reliability and Validity This study will have a limited external validity because it can be applicable mostly to the tourist destination located in the Mediterranean region. However, its internal validity will be strong because it will be based on the evidence provided by professionals who are directly familiar with the functioning of travel agencies in this region. In turn, the reliability of this research can be increased by asking various follow-up questions that can increase the clarity of respondents’ answers. Moreover, it is necessary to use a tape-recorder to make sure that the words of interviewees are not misinterpreted. Reference List Black, K. (2009). Business Statistics: Contemporary Decision Making. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Blà ¡zquez, J., Molina, A., Esteban, à . (2012). Key quality attributes according to the tourist product. European Journal Of Tourism Research, 5(2), 166-170. Buhalist, D. (2000). Relationships in the Distribution Channel of Tourism: Conflicts Between Hoteliers and Tour Operators in the Mediterranean Region. Global Alliances In Tourism Hospitality Management, 1(1), 113-139. Burgess, S., Sellitto, C., Cox, C., Buultjens, J. (2011). Trust perceptions of online travel information by different content creators: Some social and legal implications. Information Systems Frontiers, 13(2), 221-235. Del Chiappa, G. Bregoli, I. (2012). Destination Branding Development: Linking Supply-Side and Demand-Side Perspectives. In R. Tsiotsou R. Goldsmith (Eds.), Strategic Marketing in Tourism Services (pp. 51-63). New York, NY: Emerald Group Publishing. Ferencovà ¡, M. (2012). Tra vel Agency and its Image — Factor Influencing the Attitude of Tourism Client towards the Choice of a Holiday Package. International Journal Of Business Social Science, 3(19), 309-316. Gil-Saura, I., Molina, M.E. Berenguer-Contri, G. (2012). Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism: A Comparison for Travel Agents. In R. Tsiotsou R. Goldsmith (Eds.), Strategic Marketing in Tourism Services (pp. 299-321). New York, NY: Emerald Group Publishing. Izquierdo-Yusta, A., MartÄ ±nez-Ruiz, M. (2011). Assessing the consumer’s choice of purchase channel in the tourism sector: Evidence from Spain. EuroMed Journal of Business, 6 (1), 77-99. Jalilvand, M., Esfahani, S., Samiei, N. (2010). Destination Branding and Tourists’ Attitudes (The Case of Isfahan as a Tourism Destination in Iran). International Journal Of Marketing Studies, 2(2), 235-244. Mariutti, F., de Moura Engracia Giraldi, J., Crescitelli, E. (2013). The Image of Brazil as a Tourism Destination: An Exploratory Study of the American Market. International Journal Of Business Administration, 4(1), 13-22. Mihajlović, I. (2012). The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a Key Factor of Tourism Development on the Role of Croatian Travel Agencies. International Journal Of Business Social Science, 3(24), 151-159. Milman, A. (2001). Hospitality and Tourism Curriculum Development: A Qualitative Case-Study Approach. Journal Of Teaching In Travel Tourism, 1(4), 65-76. Mulec, I., Wise, N. (2012). Foreign Tour Operators and Travel Agents Knowledge of a Potential Tourism Destination: The Vojvodina Region of Serbia. Managing Global Transitions: International Research Journal, 10(2), 171-187. Navickas, V., Malakauskaite, A. (2009). The Possibilities for the Identification and Evaluation of Tourism Sector Competitiveness Factors. Engineering Economics, 61(1), 37-44. Patsouratis, V., Frangouli, Z., Anastasopoulos, G. (2005). Competition in Tourism among the Med iterranean Countries. Applied Economics, 37(16), 1865-1870. PrebeÃ… ¾ac, D., Mikulić, J. (2008). Destination image and key drivers of perceived destination attractiveness. Market, 20(2), 163-178. Selwyn, T. (2008). Tourism and the Environment in the Mediterranean. Suomen  Antropologi: Journal Of The Finnish Anthropological Society, 33(4), 91-95. This proposal on Tourist Destinations in the Mediterranean Region was written and submitted by user Nathaly G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Determination of Variables Affecting Surface Tension Using Simple Bubble Method Essay Example

Determination of Variables Affecting Surface Tension Using Simple Bubble Method Essay Example Determination of Variables Affecting Surface Tension Using Simple Bubble Method Essay Determination of Variables Affecting Surface Tension Using Simple Bubble Method Essay 2002. Surface Tension [online]. Available at: http://mysite. du. edu/~jcalvert/phys/surftens. htm [accessed 05 July 2008]. Cheak Ching Hui, et al. , 2004. Bubbles and Surface Tension [online]. Available at: http://www1. moe. edu. sg/[emailprotected]/quest/winners/secondary/raffles_girls_sch_nc/Folders/SurfaceTension1. htm [accessed 17 June 2008] Haber, Howard. Surface Tension [online]. Available at: http://scipp. ucsc. edu/~haber/ph5B/bubble. pdf [accessed 17 June 2008] KRUSS. Theory Behind the Bubble Pressure Method [online]. Available at: kruss. info/index. php? content=http%3A//www. kruss. nfo/techniques/bubble_pressure_e. html [accessed 15 July 2008] Laidler, K. J. Meiser, J. H. , 1999. Physical Chemistry. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Probstein, R. F. , 1994. Physicochemical Hydrodynamics: an Introduction. 2nd ed. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Roman, F. L. Velasco, S. , Surface Tension [online]. Available at: http://www2. physics. umd. edu/~mfuhrer/course/spr02/AJP/AJP00917. pdf [accessed 09 July 2008] APPENDICES Measurement of Tube Radius Tube No. Dinside (mm)Doutside (mm)average (mm)average(m) 13. 343. 543. 440. 00344 23. 94. 44. 50. 00415 34. 7254. 860. 00486 45. 445. 95. 670. 00567 56. 386. 96. 640. 00664 Maximum Pressure Difference Conc100%75%50%25%5% cm H2O? P (Pa)cm H2O? P (Pa)cm H2O? P (Pa)cm H2O? P (Pa)cm H2O? P (Pa) Tube 11. 1107. 911. 1107. 911. 15112. 8151. 15112. 8151. 2117. 72 Tube 20. 8583. 3850. 988. 290. 988. 290. 9593. 195198. 1 Tube 30. 878. 480. 878. 480. 8583. 3850. 988. 290. 9593. 195 Tube 40. 6563. 7650. 6563. 7650. 768. 670. 768. 670. 878. 48 Tube 50. 658. 860. 658. 860. 6563. 7650. 6563. 7650. 768. 67 Calculated surface tension (N/m) Concentration100%75%50%25%5% Tube 10. 046400. 046400. 048510. 048510. 05062 Tube 20. 043260. 045800. 045800. 048340. 05089 Tube 30. 047680. 047680. 050660. 053640. 05662 Tube 40. 045190. 045190. 048670. 048670. 05562 Tube 50. 048850. 048850. 052920. 052920. 05700 Sample Calculations: where din = inside diameter of tube dout = outside diameter of tube where ? P = difference between pressure inside the bubble and outside pressure, in Pa h = manometer reading, in meters ? = density of H2O = 1000 kg/m3 g = acceleration due to gravity constant = 9. 81 m/s2 where ? = surface tension, in N/m

How to Purchase and Prepare Trees for Planting

How to Purchase and Prepare Trees for Planting Nurseries provide nearly 1.5 billion trees for planting in the United States each year. This represents over six trees annually propagated for every U.S. citizen. The United States Forest Service reports that nearly 3 million acres are forested with those billion and a half baby seedlings. For those that are interested, here are answers to questions on Tree Planting Statistics for the United States. I now want to break down planting trees in manageable bits for you. I will provide answers to the following questions with links for further information: Â   Why and Where Should You Plant Trees?When Do You Plant a Tree?How Do You Plant a Tree?Where Do You Get Trees to Plant? Why Plant a Tree? Planting a tree can have tremendous influences on communities. Tree planting improves our environment. Planting a tree can add to our incomes and decrease energy costs. To plant a tree can enhance our quality of life and improve our health. I cant think of many things that touch us so completely as does planting a tree. My point is, we need trees to be planted! Art Plotnik, in his book The Urban Tree Book, indicates eight reasons to plant trees . Trees reduce sound, produce oxygen, store carbon, clean the air, gives shade and cools, reduces wind and erosion and increases property values. This book, a big seller, attests to the fact that people also enjoy studying and identifying trees. Identifying trees is a hobby that millions of Americans practice. There are plenty to ID with over 700 tree species growing in North America alone. My most popular destination sites at About Forestry deal with identifying and naming trees. People cant seem to learn enough. First, take this simple quiz and find out how much you really know about tree planting! Where Should You Plant a Tree? Use common sense when planting a tree. If the planted tree is expected to grow tall or expand widely, give it the room it needs for future growth. Understanding species moisture, light and soil needs is extremely important. Plant according to the nursery instructions. A USDA tree and plant hardiness zone map is one good guide in helping you determine a tree’s ability to withstand an average minimum temperature. I refer to plant hardiness zones a lot when reviewing individual trees: See: USDA Tree Hardiness Zone Maps by Region More on Where You Should Plant a Tree Wildland tree planting (the most practical method of tree planting for reforestation) is done during dormant winter months, most often after December 15th but before March 31st. You may need to do it a little earlier or a little later in warmer or colder climates. Your nursery can help you decide. Always observe the ten commandments after seedlings are delivered. Although you do not plant most wildland trees during the summer you should make sure you have ordered your trees for the season by early summer. Many people who wait until fall to find available trees just might not find any seedlings. Always order your seedlings as early as you can. Planting urban trees is a little different. Horticultural planting has evolved into an all year operation because of the extra protection of a root ball with each tree. Any season is OK for planting balled or burlaped trees. More on When You Should Plant a Tree For simplicity, I want to divide planting into two categories - horticultural and wildland planting . Horticultural tree planting is geared toward urban situations where landscaping is of primary concern. Generally speaking, because these trees contain an intact root ball, they can be planted in any season. Where these higher valued saplings and trees are planted to enhance property, more effort should be spent on each individual tree. Kim Powell, Extension Horticultural Specialist, explores the types of trees available for transplanting and gives tips on purchasing, planting, and maintaining tree transplants . Here is a how to on planting balled in burlap saplings: Planting Balled Saplings Also, you would be well advised to take my Tree Wellness Quiz before planting the saplings. Dont worry about your score. The object here is to find out what you know and to give you some help with the things you dont know. Wildland planting, the preferred method for reforestation, is done over a much broader area. Even though this type of planting is cheaper on a per tree basis, it can be very expensive in total and should be done correctly. A plan can make your planting effort more effective. Reforestation using bare-root seedlings is done by government, industry, and private individuals. The plantings are most often made using coniferous species. Hardwood wildland planting is also a viable practice, but hardwood regeneration techniques also include sprouting and dormant seeds. Many times these non-planting techniques are the preferred methods of regeneration. Also, federal and state cost-share programs have historically supported funding pine, spruce, and fir planting over hardwood planting. Here is a how to on planting bare-root seedlings: Planting Bare-root Seedlings Coniferous planting techniques are similar for most species. I have included planting guides for the western United States created by Colorado State Forest Service and for the southern United Sates created by South Carolina Forestry Commission . These sources give you a good overview on how to deliver, handle, store, and transplant seedlings. You must use proper care with a big emphasis on the correct temperature range and moisture level. Again, always observe the ten commandments. More on How You Should Plant a Tree By now you have either decided to plant some trees, or have chucked the whole idea. If you are not too discouraged, let me help you get in touch with a nursery that can provide you with trees and suggest companies that can supply you with equipment necessary to the task of tree planting. First off, you can purchase trees over the Internet. I have a short list of reliable companies where you can buy a seedling or sapling online. Check out my seedling supplier source page An excellent forest nursery directory providing most tree species and covering the entire United States is maintained by the U.S. Forest Service. Also, you can find tree nurseries at most state forestry departments. You also may need some special planting tools. There are on-line specialty supply companies that provide equipment for natural resource managers. These forestry supply companies have a variety of planting equipment as well as other forestry equipment. So, the Tree is in the Ground... Things are pretty much out of your hands after the trees are planted. You have to leave things to Mother Nature. My experience has been that even when considering a freeze, insects, or fire, moisture is the most critical element in seedling survival for the first year or two. Trees and Drought is a short feature explaining the effect of the lack of moisture on trees, especially seedlings and saplings. Actually, most well-established trees will tolerate drought quite well, although much depends on the species and whether they are growing on an appropriate site.

Morning after Pills (first draft) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Morning after Pills (first draft) - Assignment Example However, it also reduces the incidence of unwanted pregnancy, particularly where none of the parents are ready for a child (Prescott, 2011). The arguments in support and against the legalization of access to morning after pills without prescriptions have been a thorny issue across the world for decades. However, the use of morning after pills, even after legalization of non-prescriptive pills, has been hampered by poor education in its use and ethical issues facing pharmacies with regards to selling to underage girls. While most people have heard about the pill, they do not have all the information about the extent of its purpose. In a survey of 88 patients in a reproductive clinic, in London constructed to observe their knowledge on the morning-after pill, 65% of the women had heard about it, although only 19% were aware of its seventy two-hour limit (Haussman, 2013). While the morning-after pill has the ability to prevent a woman from pregnancy, it will only be efficient is taken after 72 hours orally following contraceptive failure or unprotected sex. In addition, it only works when the woman is not already pregnant. The pill is not an abortion pill and offers no protection against sexually transmitted infections like HIV. It is also not meant for use as a regular method of birth control and should be used for a maximum of four times a month. If a woman is seventeen years or older, she can receive the pill at a local pharmacy if they can present proof age through relevant documents. The pill c ontains elevated levels of levonorgestrel, which is an analog of progesterone that is found in majority of pills for birth control (Haussman, 2013). After a woman takes the pill, various side effects like period changes, pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, dizziness, headaches and tenderness of the breasts are to be expected. Where it is taken within 72 hours, there is a 95% reduction in probability of pregnancy. Although it was

The Management of Organizational Diversity Essay

The Management of Organizational Diversity - Essay Example Diversity encompasses everyone. Diversity can be identified on various parameters like race, ethnicity, age, gender, physical ability, physical characteristics, income, education, parental status, marital status, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, personality types and geographic location. In the growing global scenario the diversity factor is on the increasing trend. This calls for more attention toward diversity management. There are laws like EEO, Equal Employment Opportunities that guarantee the right to everyone for employment regardless of their diversity. Diversity management improves on EEO but is not a replacement of EEO. There are certain constrains due to diversity like- the area of consideration gets limited, there could be lack of diversity in STEM position applicants. There could be negligible diversity at the top ranks. It may categorize people into certain positions. Recruiting tends to be normally done from the same source. Similarly, only one person or a group of persons coming from a set of backgrounds gets the opportunity to be groomed. It has been found that all individuals experience difficulty in interacting with colleagues, customers and others due to diversity in backgrounds like racial, gender or socio-economic. This often throws up cases of miscommunication but if they are not checked in time they could flare up into bigger problems. And there could be feelings like exclusion, mistreatment, no support or left-alone etc. that are not desirable for a healthy organization. One challenge is development of "like-me" syndrome. People coming from similar backgrounds tend to flock together. This created certain bias in the workplace and should be checked as early as possible. "[T]he "like me" syndrome can lead to a tendency to employee and work with people like oneself in terms of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, and disability." (EEOC, 1998: 27). This is a barrier for judging performances without any bias and also to get honest feedbacks. Similarly, when some groups are formed based on similarity, others are looked upon as outsiders. It has come up in researches that the outsiders do not get the same level of information, they are not included in decision making, they are given lesser opportunities to learn and perform. This gives rise to stereotyping where people intentionally or unintentionally form opinions about other groups. They also develop certain ideas regarding certain people. For example, women are too soft to become successful in administration or black people are not good employees Asian Americans are not to be accepted. The biggest challenge diversity poses is misunderstanding diverse non-verbal communications. For example a thumbs-up can be a positive sign in one culture but not so in another one and may become the cause of a rift. Sometimes the measures taken to encourage diversity by recruitment from all groups etc. can have a negative effect on the majority group as they

Effect of Buffers on pH Levels

Effect of Buffers on pH Levels   Abstract A buffer is a solution that helps keep the pH of other solutions at a steady level with the addition of limited acids or bases. The purpose if this experiment was to figure out how to create an optimal buffer and to determine how effective buffers are at stabilizing the pH of different solutions. An optimal buffer was made after calculating the [H+] levels and determining how much weak acid and conjugate base was needed to test when added to beakers containing either acidic or basic solutions. The results found that the buffers helped get the solutions closer to a neutral pH and were found to be effective pH stabilizers. Introduction In the real world, pH levels are important in the function of many life processes. For instance, the average human bodys average pH level is approximately 7.4, and if there are any changes to that pH at all, no matter how small it may be, one would eventually get sick and die, since the human body is not meant to handle such a large fluctuation of pH levels. These pH levels are the measurement of Hydronium ions (H3O+) in a solution and are measured on a pH scale going from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, anything less than 7 would be considered acidic, and anything greater than 7 would be considered basic. One might wonder how a persons pH levels do not change so easily, and the answer is because of a solution is known as a buffer. The main function of buffers is to help keep pH levels steady when a certain amount of acids or bases are introduced in a solution. Once a buffer has reached its limit, the solution will exponentially increase or decrease, depending on if a base or an acid were used, respectively. In the graph shown, it depicts how the buffer helps to keep the pH levels steady for as long as it can, but when too much base is added, the buffer will reach its capacity and the excess base will cause the pH to rise quickly, while an addition of excess base will cause the pH to drop quickly. Buffers are made from weak acids or bases paired with their conjugate bases or acids, and weak acids and bases are used because they do not disassociate fully in a solution and the hydrogen or hydroxide (OH) ions will mostly stay connected to the other molecules, unlike strong acids or bases that will completely dissociate into either the hydrogen or hydroxide ions. A good weak acid to use is acetic acid (CH3COOH), which is commonly found in vinegar. Another thing to keep in mind is how this relates to Le Chateliers Principle, which means for acetic acid that if a base were added, the equilibrium would shift to the right to want to produce more hydrogen ions, and if an acid were added, the equilibrium would shift left to want to produce more conjugate base. Lastly, a good buffer should have equal amounts of a weak acid and a conjugate base, which is done experimentally. Materials and Methods Materials used: Three 250 mL beakers One 50 mL graduated cylinder One 10 mL graduated cylinder An unknown weak acid Ka=[CH3COO]/[CH3COOH] pH=-log[H+] [H+] =10-pH Ka=([H+]*[WA])/[HWA] Procedures: Obtain three 250 mL beakers, and a 10 mL and a 50 mL graduated cylinder. To the first beaker, add a pipette bulb of the unknown weak acid and 110 mL of distilled water. Measure 50 mL of the acid solution and add it to each of the remaining two beakers, and then wash it out and keep the beaker. Label one beaker [HWA], or acid, and the other [WA], or conjugate base. Fill burette with an NaOH solution and add two to three drops of phenolphthalein indicator to [WA] beaker and titrate solution using base in burette to indicator end point, which will be signaled through a pink color change, so HWA will be converted to WA. Determine the volume of base added to [WA] beaker during titration and add that same volume of water to the [HWA] beaker so that the [HWA]=[WA]. Make an optimal buffer by mixing 20 mL of [HWA] and 20 mL [WA] in the third beaker. Prepare pH meter by standardizing it with standard solutions of pH 4 and 7. Take pH of optimal buffer and calculate [H+] from pH reading. Determine Ka value and show calculations to TA, and a new buffer will be assigned to be made. Using assigned buffer, determine [H+]. Use Ka equation to determine volume of conjugate base needed when 10 mL of acid is used, and use Ka value from step 10, [H+] value from pH, and 10 mL to replace [CH3COOH] to find volume of [CH3COO] needed. Make a new buffer using these volumes in a clean beaker, then take the pH of the new buffer to see how close the found pH is to the assigned value. Get two 50 mL beakers and add 5 mL of new buffer to one beaker and 5 mL of distilled water to the other. Add five drops of NaOH to each beaker and read pH for each one and record both. Thoroughly wash out small beakers and repeat step 13. Add five drops of HCl to each beaker and read pH for each one and record both. Clean up and turn in data sheet. Results: Data and Calculations 0.10 M NaOH added to 50 mL of acid mixture: Initial Burette Reading mL Final Burette Reading 34.7 mL Volume of NaOH Added 16.3 mL pH of Optimal Buffer 4.7 Ka of Unknown Weak Acid 2*10-5 10-4.7=2*10-5=Ka Assigned pH of new buffer to make: 4.85 New Buffer Data: [H+] needed 1.41*10-5 Ka: [H+]=(Ka/[H+]) 1.42 [A]:[HWA]=(Ka/[H+]) 1.42 Volume of A 14.2 mL Volume of HWA 10 mL pH of New Buffer 4.84 (2*10-5)/(1.41*10-5)=1.42 Test of New Buffer: pH of Distilled Water with Acid 2.88 pH of New Buffer with Acid 4.5 pH of Distilled Water with Base 10.9 pH of New Buffer with Base 5.18 Discussion/Conclusion In conclusion, the results determined that the buffer was effective at stabilizing the pH of both solutions containing distilled water and either an acid or a base added. The results also showed that the new buffer pH was very similar to the assigned pH, indicating that the overall reactions in this experiment were precise and accurate. A buffer is a solution that controls the pH of other solutions it is added in from fluctuating, and it is made by mixing equal amounts of a weak acid with its conjugate base. The reason it needs to be a weak acid because it will not dissociate fully when added in a solution, so the hydrogen ions will mostly be intact and not free floating. This would be able to help the pH of the solution in which it is added stable when combined with the conjugate base that is formed when the hydrogen ion dissociates from its original molecule from which it was connected.   The Ka of the weak acid used in this experiment was determined after titrating NaOH to the acid mixture until the indicator turned light pink and then taking the pH reading of the titrated solution and using the 10-pH formula to find [H+] which equaled the Ka of the weak acid. The new buffer was then made when the newly assigned pH was taken, the [H+] needed to achieve that new pH was determined, the Ka value by the needed [H+] value was divided, and the decimal for the product was moved one decimal place to the right, since the amount of HWA needed was 10 mL, and the pH was then determined from that solution, and it matched very closely to the assigned pH. Lastly, although not major, there was one experimental error that occurred when the solutions prepared in the first part of the lab were accidentally disposed of early, but a new solution was made again which was the same pH of the previous solution, so that error did not affect the overall results of this experiment.